virus grippe saisonnière

Burden of seasonal influenza hospitalization in children, United States, 2003 to 2008. Download Flu Burden PowerPoint Presentation Slides ppt icon[PPT – 1 MB]. La grippe saisonnière se caractérise par l’apparition brutale de : La plupart des sujets atteints de la grippe guérissent en quelques jours sans traitement médicaux. In the northern hemisphere, including Europe, seasonal influenza generally occurs in epidemics between November and April each year, and in the southern hemisphere between June and October. Latest surveillance reports and disease data on seasonal influenza; Flu News Europe, Influenza virus characterisation reports, ECDC Surveillance Atlas, Annual Epidemiological Reports. La grippe, qu'il s'agisse de la grippe A H1N1 ou de la grippe saisonnière, se définit comme une infection respiratoire aiguë, très contagieuse, provoquée par des virus appelés influenza : si leur composition se modifie légèrement, on parle de glissement (ou « shift »). Comment aborder l'hiver de manière positive ? The level of antiviral resistance is closely followed by public health authorities. En application de la loi nº78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 relative à l'informatique, aux fichiers et aux libertés, vous disposez des droits d'opposition (art.26 de la loi), d'accès (art.34 à 38 de la loi), et de rectification (art.36 de la loi) des données vous concernant. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Early self-isolation of those feeling unwell, feverish and having other symptoms of influenza. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review. When distance cannot be maintained, reducing the time of close contact with people who might be ill may be an option. However, at least one observational study of A(H1N1)pdm09 found improved survival in the severely ill when antiviral treatment was provided within five days of symptom onset (Louie, 2012). Les personnes présentant des maladies chroniques (cardiaques, rénales, pulmonaires, hépatiques, sanguines…) ou ayant une déficience au niveau du système respiratoire. La grippe saisonnière est une infection virale respiratoire très contagieuse, qui apparait principalement en automne et en hiver, avec un pic d’infections pendant l’hiver. Saving Lives, Protecting People. L'épidémie de grippe 2020 progresse en France : toutes les régions sont désormais touchées. Ensemble pour préserver votre santé ! During the influenza surveillance season ECDC and WHO Europe jointly publish weekly updates on influenza in Europe, based on information provided by experts, virologists and medical doctors throughout the wider European region. Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious influenza complications: Individuals with specific chronic medical conditions, pregnant women, and children aged 6-59 months, the elderly and healthcare workers. These usually affect most of the countries for one to two months and last in Europe for about four months overall (Paget et al., 2007). Nous Mots clés : Virus influenza, Hémagglutinine, Neuraminidase, Variabilité, Épidémie, Infection respiratoire, Immunofluorescence, Tests rapides, RT-PCR, Keywords : Influenza virus, Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase, Variability, Epidemic, Respiratory infection, Immunofluorescence, Rapid test, RT-PCR. The methods used to calculate these estimates are described on CDC’s webpage, How CDC Estimates the Burden of Seasonal Influenza in the U.S. CDC uses the estimates of the burden of influenza in the population and the impact of influenza vaccination to inform policy and communications related to influenza. Influenza vaccine is not licensed for children less than 6 months old. However, in 2009-2010, when the most recent influenza pandemic took place,, A(H1N1)pdm09 replaced A(H1N1). Reproduction et droit d'auteur © 1998-2020 Oxygem - Charte de confidentialité - Préférences cookies, Vrai/Faux sur les manières de se protéger, Les précautions à prendre pendant les sorties. Dans des cas particuliers chez des patients très fragiles, il se peut que le médecin prescrive un antiviral, mais la plupart du temps cela n’est pas nécessaire. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Influenza-related deaths – available methods for estimating numbers and detecting patterns for seasonal and pandemic influenza in Europe. En poursuivant votre navigation sur ce site, vous acceptez l’utilisation de cookies qui nous permettent de nous souvenir de vos préférences, analyser le trafic sur ce site et améliorer les contenus qui vous sont proposés. through inclusion of HA and NA subtypes from avian or swine origin by re-assortment, i.e. The characteristics of the circulating virus strain and the immunity in the population, contributes to variations in disease burden from year to year, which makes it hard to estimate the annual number of deaths or economic impact. Sporadic infections occur outside of the influenza season, though the incidence is very low in the European summer when infections may be the result of imported cases from equatorial areas (where transmission is more year round) and the southern hemisphere where most infection takes place between June to October. Partners and networks working with influenza prevention and control. The subtypes are determined by two glycoproteins on the virus surface, haemagglutinin (HA) (H1–H18) and neuraminidase (NA) (N1–N11). Chez le nourrisson, l’infection peut être paucisymptomatique et s’accompagner de manifestations non respiratoires (léthargie, convulsions, malaises). Cette maladie présente forcément des symptômes, très caractéristiques. Il existe 3 types de grippe saisonnière – A, B et C. Les virus grippaux de type A se subdivisent en sous-types en fonction des différentes sortes et associations de protéines de surface du virus. EM-CONSULTE.COM est déclaré à la CNIL, déclaration n° 1286925. Textbook of Influenza. Gran JM, Iversen B, Hungnes O, et al. There is also some evidence that infectious aerosols may play a role in influenza transmission. Bienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.L’accès au texte intégral de cet article nécessite un abonnement. Hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and water, and dried. The tests performed in laboratories include RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and virus culture. Since the most recent influenza pandemic in 2009 seasonal influenza consists of variable mixes of influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 - the latter caused the 2009 pandemic, and the two B virus lineages. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Sore throat and runny nose may last longer. Injected inactivated influenza vaccines are most commonly used throughout the world. Les symptômes de la maladie Covid-19 sont très proches de ceux de la grippe. Estimating influenza-related excess mortality and reproduction numbers for seasonal influenza in Norway, 1975–2004. (2008) Preliminary Findings of a Randomized Trial of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Households. © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2020, Questions and answers on seasonal influenza, Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial Annals of Internal medicine 2009. Comparative community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza: results of the Flu Watch cohort study. Elsevier Masson SAS. Crit Care Med. Les modes de contamination de la Covid-19 sont les mêmes que ceux de la grippe : par transmission aérienne, par les fines gouttelettes excrétées, par contact avec des malades ou les surfaces souillées, comme les poignées de portes. Elle se caractérise par l’apparition brutale d’une fièvre élevée (supérieure à 38 °C). However, when flu is widespread in the community, the diagnosis is often presumed without laboratory testing, by simply identifying patients with typical symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI). In 2011, a live attenuated influenza vaccine was also approved in the EU for children and adolescents. Comment se compare la grippe au coronavirus ? Ces symptômes, éléments du syndrome grippal dont la grippe n'est qu'une cause parmi d'autres, font évoquer le diagnostic par la soudaineté de leur apparition, leur survenue en période d'épidémie grippale et leur disparition habituelle après quelques jours d'évolution. Comparative community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza: results of the Flu Watch cohort study. consist of swabbing the nose and nasal cavity. Chaque année, au niveau mondial, les épidémies saisonnières de grippe entrainent 3 à 5 millions de cas graves et peuvent entrainer, 250 000 à 500 000 décès. Elle n’est pas obligatoire, mais est fortement recommandée pour les personnes les plus fragiles et pour le personnel soignant, car comme mentionné ci-dessus, le virus de la grippe se propage très rapidement et est très contagieux. These enveloped viruses have a genome made up of seven or eight RNA fragments. Apart from the age-related increased risk, the risk of complications is increased for people of any age with particular chronic medical conditions: Moreover, healthy pregnant women have been found to be at increased risk of becoming hospitalized due to respiratory illness during influenza seasons (Dodds, 2007). Clinical flu symptoms are not sufficiently specific to allow for diagnosis with virological tests. Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households. By the end of 2008-2009 a majority of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) exhibited oseltamivir resistance. Seasonal epidemics during those years can be more severe than during the years before the pandemic. Influenza A viruses are further divided into subtypes. Les formes graves sont la détresse respiratoire avec une sensation d’oppression ou d’essoufflement, une insuffisance rénale et une défaillance multiviscérales, dans de plus rares cas. CDC estimates the burden of flu and the impact of annual flu vaccination in the U.S using a model that estimates the numbers of flu illnesses, medical visits and hospitalization prevented by vaccination. individual factors, type of exposure, and risk associated with the exposure. Zucs P, Buchholz U, Haas W, Uphoff H. Influenza-associated excess mortality in Germany, 1985-2001. offres commerciales personnalisées. Hayward AC, Fragaszy EB, Bermingham A, et al. L'épidémie de grippe 2020 progresse en France : toutes les régions sont désormais touchées. Cowling BJ, Fung ROP, Cheng CKY, Fang VJ, Chan KH, et al. WHO recommends seasonal influenza vaccination for the following risk groups: pregnant women, children aged 6-59 months, the elderly, and individuals with chronic medical conditions. In addition, the influenza A and B genome consists of eight separate RNA segments. Early estimates of the excess mortality associated with the 2008-9 influenza season in Portugal. Influenza spreads predominantly via the droplet and contact routes when people cough and sneeze, and by indirect spread through respiratory secretions on hands, tissues, etc. Nicoll A, Ciancio BC, Lopez Chavarrias V, Mølbak K, Pebody R, Pedzinski B, et al. Parmi les nombreux sous-types des virus grippaux A, les sous-types A(H1N1) et A(H3N2) circulent actuellement chez l’homme. The burden of influenza-associated critical illness hospitalizations. by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. Cela peut d’abord ressembler à un rhume, avec des éternuements et des écoulements au niveau du nez. At any one time there is a mix of influenza viruses circulating in the human population. The network combines epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza. L’application des mesures d’hygiène (mouchoir à usage unique, lavage des mains régulier et aération fréquent de son habitat) est recommandée pour éviter de transmettre le virus aux autres. Parfois, le nez est bouché et la gorge irritée. Ce site respecte les La fièvre est fréquente, ainsi que les maux de tête. The incubation time for seasonal influenza is on average two days, but ranges from one to four days. Viruses may be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with the virus and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Lancet Respir Med. Treatment focuses on reducing fever and relieving the symptoms. chronic renal failure); chronic neurological conditions and physical handicap (e.g. Secondly, but of greater economic impact, are the large numbers of mild to moderate cases which result in time off work, losses to production and pressure and costs on the health and social care services. ECDC continues to emphasise that all Europeans who are recommended to have the influenza vaccine should get vaccinated. La proportion de cas sévères et critiques serait plus élevée que ce que l’on observe pour la grippe.”. Apart from assisting in diagnosing the patient, the collected influenza virus specimens also provide material for characterization of viruses and contribute to seasonal vaccine development. Vous pourrez désactiver les cookies ultérieurement : Consulter le document de l’Assurance Maladie. Good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using tissues and disposing of them correctly. Euro Surveill. Some of the main underlying reasons for this are: imperfect vaccine effectiveness, influenza cases do not always seek healthcare, and  delayed and rare use of antiviral treatment. European influenza seasons have been recorded for several years and are continuously under ECDC surveillance. Pour en savoir plus et Seasonal influenza causes 4 -50 million symptomatic cases in EU/EEA each year, and 15 000 – 70 000 European citizens die every year of causes associated with influenza. © 2010  2009 Feb 5;14(5). In some cases the disease becomes more severe due to the influenza virus infection or a secondary, usually bacterial, infection e.g. Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Les souches de la grippe sont différentes d’une année à l’autre, c’est pour cela qu’il est préférable de se faire vacciner contre la grippe tous les ans, afin de s’assurer d’être protégé de la façon la plus optimale. In many languages people may use the term ‘flu’ not exclusively for influenza virus but also for mild diseases caused by other infectious agents. Si des symptômes apparaissent, un numéro gratuit dédié à l’information sur le coronavirus est disponible au 0800 130 000. Le diagnostic virologique de la grippe est justifié chez tous les sujets hospitalisés pour un syndrome respiratoire compatible avec une infection à virus influenza. It is caused by influenza virus and is easily transmitted, predominantly via the droplet and contact routes and by indirect spread from respiratory secretions on hands, tissues, etc. Except for virus culture these results can be available within approximately 1-2 days, and can help adjust the treatment. However these tests generally have a low sensitivity but high specificity, and do not allow subtype determination. 2007;176(4):463-8. chemotherapy). dans la newsletter. Antibodies to one type or subtype of influenza do not necessarily protect against other influenza virus types or subtypes (so called cross protection). En revanche, certaines infections sont parfois plus robustes et nécessitent des traitements médicaux, notamment à base d’antipyrétiques tels que le paracétamol, l’aspirine et des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS). Apart from vaccination and antiviral treatment the public health management includes personal protective measures: It is thought that all of these measures may reduce the risk of transmission of influenza though in fact the evidence base is weak. La gêne respiratoire concernant la grippe est plutôt liée à ces deux symptômes qu’à une atteinte pulmonaire. 2009 April. Cependant, l’évolution de la Covid-19 est plus sévère que la grippe. Regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands. conditions and treatments that suppress the immune function (e.g. La protection contre le virus de la grippe n’est effective que deux semaines après la vaccination et dure environ 6 mois. The young have an increased risk of being infected because they have not developed immunity to the virus. Seasonal flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B. Emerg Infect Dis. Pour le nouveau coronavirus, les autorités sanitaires constatent pour le moment que l’âge et les pathologies sous-jacentes sont des facteurs qui augmentent ces risques. Killingley B, Nguyen-Van-Tam J. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus, Europe, 2007–08 season. Elle se traduit chez l'être humain par un ensemble de signes non spécifiques associant fièvre, céphalées, toux, pharyngite, myalgies, asthénie et anorexie. Uncomplicated seasonal influenza disease presents as rapid onset of the following combination of systemic and respiratory symptoms: Children may also present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, apart from fever and respiratory symptoms. Alcohol-based hand sanitisers reduce the amount of influenza virus on contaminated hands. Le vaccin «trivalent» contre la grippe saisonnière protège contre 2 souches du virus Influenza de type A et une souche de type B; le vaccin «quadrivalent» protège en plus contre une deuxième souche de type B. Expert opinion is supportive (Jefferson, 2008) but there have been few randomised trials with laboratory-confirmed influenza as end points (Cowling et al., 2009; MacIntyre et al., 2009). Cela s’accompagne de maux de tête assez intenses. Type C viruses cause some human disease but only comparatively few outbreaks. Ainsi, 64% des morts de la grippe saisonnière en 2018-2019 avaient plus de 65 ans, selon Santé publique France. Après plusieurs mois à tenter d’éviter le Covid-19, masqués et désormais inséparables de notre flacon de gel hydroalcoolique, nous pourrions, cette année, nous sentir prêts à affronter la grippe saisonnière sans passer par la case vaccin. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/2/233.htm, Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus, Europe, 2007–08 season, Oseltamivir resistance – disabling our influenza defences. In-season preliminary burden estimates are scheduled to resume for the 2020-2021 season this winter. For the best clinical benefit, treatment with antivirals should be given early in the infection, within 48 hours, (the earlier the better). There are also rapid point of care tests (quick test) that require less time. 4000 lectrices et lecteurs qui croient en notre projet, Grippe saisonnière: éviter le pire scénario grâce au vaccin, Après la quarantaine, le semi-confinement: des nouvelles de l’informaticien genevois, «J’ai été surpris par le nombre de délations»: à Genève, la police s'adapte au coronavirus, A Genève et Lausanne, la précarité se propage avec l'épidémie, Le «laissez-faire» suédois commence à ressembler furieusement à un confinement. Apart from vaccination and antiviral treatment the public health management includes personal protective measures. Furthermore, exacerbations of underlying disease, e.g. CDC twenty four seven. 2009. Hospitalizations associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States, 1993-2008. Avoiding close contact with sick people, e.g. chronic bronchitis); cardiovascular disease (e.g. La Covid-19 perd-il de sa virulence avec le temps ? However, the level of virus shedding before symptoms start is lower than for a few days after. L’aspirine et les AINS ne doivent pas être pris simultanément ( dans tous les cas, si vous avez des questions, référez-vous à un professionnel de santé). That is then a pandemic strain (see Edwin D. Kilbourne, 2006; Influenza Pandemics of the 20th and 21st Century). Grippe aviaire: absence de danger pour l’Homme, La sévérité de la grippe dictée par notre année de…. En utilisant ce site, vous reconnaissez avoir pris connaissance de l’avis de désengagement de responsabilité et vous consentez à ses modalités. 2003;289(2):179-86.Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA (editors). To receive weekly email updates about Seasonal Flu, enter your email address: Preliminary In-Season Disease Burden Estimates, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WHO also recommends vaccination of healthcare workers. Among viruses that infect humans influenza is moderately infectious. Influenza viruses are usually classified into three types: A, B and C, according to differences in antigenic and biologic properties. Hospitalization occurs more frequently, the younger the child. La vaccination est le meilleur moyen de se protéger contre le virus de la grippe et de prévenir son infection. Ces gouttelettes contiennent des millions de virus qui se retrouvent alors dans l’air ambiant et qui peuvent être inhalées et respirées par une personne non malade. Routes of influenza transmission. Vaccination is the most effective form of influenza prevention. En effet, les signes cliniques de ces deux pathologies se ressemblent. adhérons aux principes de la charte HONcode. However, quite often the initial influenza infection is not recognised and the death is not classified as being due to influenza. 2012;55(9):1198-204. Seasonal influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease and annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. D’après l’OMS, “80 % des infections sont bénignes ou asymptomatiques, 15 % sont graves et nécessitent une oxygénothérapie, tandis que 5 % sont critiques et exigent une assistance respiratoire. Dawood FS1, Fiore A, Kamimoto L, et al. exercer vos droits Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;7 Suppl 2:42-51. However, immunity to influenza viruses and vaccines wane over time and a large part of the population is susceptible each season. Type B infections are less common and usually milder than influenza A(H3N2). Prescription of prophylaxis depends on several factors e.g. depend on the nature of the pandemic influenza virus, immunization coverage and pre-existing immunity in the population. In most cases, virus is found in specimens from nose and throat from one day before symptom onset to four to five days after onset. Influenza D virus in cattle, France, 2011-2014. L'équipe PasseportSanté se mobilise pour vous fournir de l'information fiable et actualisée sur le coronavirus. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/2/233.htm. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. Ortiz JR, Neuzil KM, Shay DK, et al. Overall, estimates of influenza morbidity and mortality should be interpreted with caution. Le recours à l’hospitalisation est d’autant plus élevé que l’enfant est jeune. Influenza viruses are RNA viruses from the family Orthomyxoviridae, and have a worldwide distribution. BMJ 2008;336:77-80. A number of other viruses and bacteria cause similar symptoms so that much of influenza-like illness (ILI) is not actually caused by influenza. (Killingley, 2013). Influenza A viruses are further divided into subtypes. Sampling can e.g. Celle-ci est plutôt rare dans le cas de la grippe. Dodds L, McNeil SA, Fell DB, et al. Alors comment différencier leurs symptômes ? Pour être efficaces, les antiviraux doivent être administrés dès le début de l’apparition des symptômes. Due to the high resistance (>99%) adamantanes are no longer recommended. Son épidémiologie est liée à la grande variabilité du virus au cours du temps, nécessitant la mise en place d’un système d’alerte détectant chaque année les variants circulants dominant et déterminant la composition vaccinale. The preliminary cumulative burden estimates for the 2019-2020 season have been released. Influenza surveillance is carried out worldwide, including in the EU. Although vaccination is the preferred option for preventing influenza, antivirals can be useful when the vaccine fails. JAMA. In Europe, and the rest of the northern hemisphere, seasonal influenza generally occurs in regular annual epidemics in winter, between November and April. Estimating influenza-related excess mortality and reproduction numbers for seasonal influenza in Norway, 1975–2004; Epidemiol Infect. Each year CDC estimates the burden of influenza in the U.S. CDC uses modeling to estimate the number of influenza illnesses, medical visits, flu-associated hospitalizations, and flu-associated deaths that occur in the U.S. in a given season. If the infected person doesn’t cover his or her mouth and nose people within a range of two meters can be infected.