ephedra alata cancer

JAMA. • These two species were active against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. and sinus congestion (in a safer form than the banned dietary supplements), physicians seldom prescribe ephedrine anymore. Ephedra contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to stimulate the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Ephedra’s antiasthmatic effect arises from its ability to relax bronchial smooth muscle. Derived from the dried rhizome and root of the plant, ephedra has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years in India, China and Japan. 1: 13. Beside the E-type alkaloids, ephedroxane, and macrocyclic spermidines called ephedradine AD , were isolated from some Ephedra species. Complementary and alternative medicines are widely used among cancer patients throughout the world. There is some evidence, though, that counters this claim of cardiovascular risk. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. In fact, its main use is to select disease categories where there is consensus on the use of plants among the informants. Breast cancer showed the highest Fl value (45.74 %). Springer Nature. As noted above, there is no ready way to be sure of the dose of the 2, 300041 Timişoara, România, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T.Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania, Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş“, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. Pollen cones on Ephedra alata growing in Wadi Degla, Egypt (29.9386°N, 31.3665°E) [Moshira Hassan, 2008].. A. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;4:109–10. Maire, R. 1952. Bray F, Ren JS, Masuyer E, Ferlay J. Am J Kidney Dis. N Engl J Med. Friedman J, Yaniv Z, Dafni A, Palewitch D. A preliminary classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants, based on a rational analysis of an ethnopharmacological field survey among Bedouins in the Negev Desert. important effects with a variable diameter of growth. The type is from N Africa (Sherif and El-Taife 1986). The authors declare that they have no competing interests. You have any of the following conditions: Acute bilateral ocular pain and decreased vision along with headache, nausea and vomiting: In a 52-year-old woman after taking a herbal medicine containing ephedra for weight loss. SSRI family (eg, Prozac).32 2, 300041 Timişoara, România, Department of Drug analysis; chemistry of the environment and food, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş“, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. Ephedrine is similar in, Using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with mass spectrum (MS) technology, a method has been established for separation and analysis of alkaloid isomers. Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract, EFE, Has No Adverse Effects Such as Excitation, Insomnia, and Arrhythmias. WHO also estimates a substantive increase up to nineteen million new cases of cancer per year by 2025, due to the growth of global population. 2004;42:981–8. duration of action than the catecholamines [61]. The effect of the phenolic extract in a concentration of 32-128 mg/ml was similar to that of gentamicin in a concentration of 10 mg/disc against Escherichia coli, while the extract in a contration of 0.25-4 mg/ml possessed the same effect exerted by gentamicin in a concentratioln of l0 µg/disc against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Any stimulant drugs (including caffeine): Do not take ephedra except under physician supervision. Due to the high death rate among patients with cancer and the hazardous side effects and adverse reactions of the radiotherapy and chemotherapy, cancer patients often start seeking alternative methods of treatments, like herbal medicine with or instead of conventional medicine [24–26]. Medicinal plants utilized in indigenous health traditional system are gradually becoming wiped out due to over utilization, human overpopulation and from other human impact on the environment. Alzweiri M, Sarhan AA, Mansi K, Hudaib M, Aburjai T. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Northern Badia region. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of a multicomponent dietary supplement containing ephedra and caffeine: a randomized controlled trial. $$ \mathrm{U}\mathrm{V}-\frac{{\displaystyle \sum U}}{n} $$, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1070-8. eight ephedrine users and included reports of stroke, myocardial infarction, chest pain, seiz. Map of the West Bank/ Palestine showing all surveyed regions. To achieve a positive response to herbal preparations, the proper part of the plant that contains the active constituents should be chosen. These mechanisms of action cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, increases in heart rate and blood pressure, variable peripheral vasculature constriction and dilation, general feelings of emotional and/or psychological arousal and increased alertness, and an accelerated metabolic rate. In recent time, people in both developed and developing countries utilize herbal medicines for improving their health [10–12]. 2011;137:27–35. Cancer types treated with herbals in Palestine. The total amount of alkaloids isolated from Ephedra alata aerial parts was 0.2-0.22%. J Sex Marital Ther. jemail("earlecj", "gmail", "com"); 1998;55:652-656. 1998;32:153-159. The results also showed that ethyl acetate fraction was active against five out of seven tested organisms, followed by the nbutanol fraction which inhibited four organisms and the n-hexane fraction which inhibited two organisms, Ephedra, or ma huang, refers to the above ground portion of the plants that comprise the genus ephedra. 1986;16:275–87. This ground-state ab initio model, which does not require sum-over-states, magnetic field perturbation or localized molecular orbitals, has been found to give good agreement with experiment in this frequency region. N Africa, Sinai, Palestine, Kuwait, Arabia, Cyprus. Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal flower burial in northern Iraq. Ephedra contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to stimulate the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The total amount of alkaloids isolated from Ephedra alata aerial parts was 0.2-0.22%. The nutritional analysis of carrot juice showed that the juice contained: protein 1.067 ± 0.058%, crude fat 0.367 ± 0.089%, crude fibre 1.167 ± 0.153%, carbohydrates 6.100 ± 0.346%, many vitamins and minerals. Indo Am J P Sci 2017; 4(01): 117, plants (part 3): plant based review. Obes Res. 2011;3:125–31. Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. Clin Pharmacol Ther. Furthermore, individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease or other illnesses may be at more serious health risk when taking ephedrine. Plant showed wide range of pharmacological. ephedrine hydrochloride improved internal sphincter. These alkaloids can be used as decongestants because they constrict peripheral blood vessels, but in high doses, they also raise blood pressure (1) (2) (3). The total phenolic content was highest in the methanolic extract (47.62 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract powder), while in ethanolic extract, the total phenolic content was 19.175 mg GAE/g of extract powder. The previous pharmacological studies of Datura fastuosa showed that it possessed antimicrobial insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, neurological, wound healing, reproductive and antispasmodic, while Datura stramonium exerted Antiepileptic, Anti-asthmatic, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, repellent and organophosphate protective effects. A New Highlight of Ephedra alata Decne Properties as Potential Adjuvant in Combination with Cisplatin to Induce Cell Death of 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Fairouz Sioud 1,2,3 , Souheila Amor 2,3 , Imène ben Toumia 1 , Aida Lahmar 1 , Virginie Aires 2,3 , Leila Chekir-Ghedira 1,† and Dominique Delmas 2,3,4,*,† Ephedra alata, Arum dioscoridis, Arum palaestinum were the most commonly used medicinal plants for treatment of cancer and all of these three plants were prepared as decoctions. Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Potential of Ephedra alata Decne. Above all, Cinnamomi Ramulus can relieve the neurotoxicity of Ephedrae Herba, and there is the combination function of mutual restraint and mutual supression between the two drugs. Bent S, Tiedt TN, Odden MC, et al. B. determined by using rutin reference standard method, equivalent/g of extract powder) , while in. 1997;17:437-439. The methods of preparation mentioned by the informants are not supported by scientific evidence; this could be suitable for some plants but not for the others. 2019. PubMed Google Scholar. There are several therapeutic values in the research farm, such as anti-inflammatory, ant diabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. According to the WHO and the American Cancer Society about eight million died from cancer and about fourteen million new cancer cases occurred in 2012. Coronary artery aneurysm and thrombosis following chronic ephedra use. Statements made about products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Norregaard J, Jorgensen S, Mikkelsen KL, et al. Available at: For example, researchers analyzed data on 257,236 Danish patients prescribed to take a combination of ephedrine and caffeine from 1995-2002.39 Notably the results of this research have revealed that 72 plant species belonging to 44 families were frequently used for treatment of cancer by the 150 herbalists, traditional practitioner healers, rural dwellers and people of the West Bank, Palestine (Table 2). 4). Samples of these collected herbs were given a herbarium specimen number as shown in Table 2 and voucher samples were kept at the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the Department of Pharmacy at An-Najah National University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (Table 2). Herbal preparation use by patients suffering from cancer in Palestine. Factor of informant’s consensus (Fic) was employed to indicate how homogenous the information is. Keith, H. G. 1965. • High values of Fic (close to 1) occur when there is a well-defined selection criterion in the community and/or if information is frequently exchanged between informants [28]. The phytochemical screening of Euphorbia hirta revealed that the plant contained reducing sugars, enzyme inhibiting and anti-dipsogenic activities. ephedrine you are getting when you purchase the To produce the concentrate, five separate solvents were used, such as hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous. Decaisne, J. 2008;168(8):966-973. female sexual dysfunction It also used as diuretic, blood purifier, antimicrobial, for treatment of dysentery, upper respiratory system problems, wounds, hemorrhoids and uterine problems. Moreover, scientists must explore the most suitable method of extraction, formulation and dose determination in order to achieve the best benefits from these herbals. A. You seem to have javascript disabled. 1996;91:1436-1438. Statistical analyses were performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSSversion17.0). Science. Also, it is of significance to utilize new therapeutic natural plant products in various treatments of diseases. J Appl Environ Biol Sci 2011; 1(8)158, Annales des Sciences et Technologie 2014; 6(1): 4. Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine, a re-emerging health aid. The other factors to be considered are the harvesting time of the herb (collection time), the soil, the climate conditions, and the method of drying, processing, and extraction [37, 38]. The distribution of various alkaloids, as AUC o-(i brain/AUCo-,,biood was ephedrinemethylephedrinedemethyl ephedrine. Continuing in the tradition of the acclaimed first edition, Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine, Second Edition examines in extensive detail the physiologic effects of complimentary and alternative therapies, foods, supplements, vitamins, and traditional herbal remedies. Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş“, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. In addition, some ephedra products contain potentially more toxic chemicals related to ephedrine, such as (+)-norpseudoephedrine.16. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely 2006;3:229–35. The su- spension cultures were treated with two biotic elicitors, namely Aspergillus niger and yeast extract, to enhance the synthesis of ephedrine – the bioactive constituent of E. alata. Effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults. It has been estimated that at least 3 billion doses of over-the-counter ephedrine or extracts from ephedra were ingested in the U.S. in 2000 for the purpose of stimulating increased weight loss. Nowadays, chemotherapeutic anticancer agents are the most common method of treatment, but they may cause serious side effects and toxicity [21–23]. Seid MA, Tsegay BA. In an approach toward the development of ecofriendly antifungal compounds for controlling major fungal diseases, many medicinal plants possessed wide range of antifungal activities (16)(17)(18)(19)(20) , some of them were formulated and used clinically nowadays. . Phytochem Rev. Clinical Toxicology 2005; 43(5): 347. Leaves very short, united towards base, forming short sheath. Adverse cardiovascular events temporally associated with Ma Huang, an herbal source of ephedrine. sexual dysfunction.20 1992;16:269-277. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. What Is the Scientific Evidence for Ephedra? In another study conducted by Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2011, in Palestine, 58 plant species were collected for cancer treatments [35], while in the survey which was conducted by Hudaib et al., 2008 in Jordan, Mujib Nature Reserve and surrounding area, only six plant species were found for treatment of cancer also without mentioning the type of cancer [42]. J Clin Psychopharmacol. This review will highligh the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Fagopyrum esculentum. Physico-chemical parameters such as moisture level, total ash, ash soluble in water and values of sulfated ash were measured. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1070-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1070-8. The Fic is calculated as in the following equation: Where Nur is the number of use citations in each category and Nt is the number of taxa used. Sherif, A. S. and A. El-Taife. Use of herbal ephedra, as opposed to ephedrine, may present additional dangers. The CNS stimulation property contributes to ephedra’s appetite suppressant effects and its reputation as a weight loss agent (7). review. In most cases, the interviews often started in the form of informal discussions to gain the confidence of the interviewees. The number of registered herbalists in the West Bank is 222. FDA Acts to Remove Ephedra-Containing Dietary Supplements From Market. 2015;15:1092–111. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). Indian J Exp Biol. The pharmacological studies showed that Fagopyrum esculentum possessed antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, antigenotoxic, antidiabetic, reno-protective, anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, antistress, protected memory impairment and photoprotective effects. Mean ± standard deviation were computed for continuous data. This study is important to preserve the knowledge of medicinal plants used by the people of the West Bank regions. 2007;92:906–8. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi. weight loss Ethnopharmacological survey of herbal remedies used for treatment of various types of cancer and their methods of preparations in the West Bank-Palestine. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. All rights reserved. Nishiguchi M, Kinoshita H, Higasa K, et al. Indian J Exp Biol. natural alkaloid, ephedralone were obtained from the. volume 16, Article number: 93 (2016) Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co; 1998:827. Ma huang was traditionally used by Chinese herbalists during the early stages of respiratory infections and also for the short-term treatment of certain kinds of asthma, eczema, hay fever, narcolepsy, and edema. Flora of Libya. heart attack 2002;83:251–65. The most common cancer type treated with herbal remedies was lung cancer followed by liver, skin, colon and breast cancers as reported in (Fig. IOSR Journal. J Ethnopharmacol. Misuse and overdose of ephedra have resulted in heart attack, stroke, seizure, psychosis and death (8). The author considers the site, mode, and mechanism of action to explain the desired and adverse effects and interactions of each herb, drug, and food in an encyclopedic volume. Table 3 shows the Fic values calculated for the categorized cancers. De plus, la vente de la plante en vrac est interdite. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Comparative Study for Evaluating the Clinical Safety of Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract (EFE). http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source, grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?15213, e.T201696A9167394. Fidelity level (Fl) was defined as the ratio between the number of informants who independently suggested the use of a species for the same major purpose and the total number of informants who mentioned the plant for any use. Use of this Web site does not create an expressed or implied physician-patient relationship. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Orhan IE. 2, 300041 Timişoara, România, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital "Pius Branzeu", Blvd. 1996;60:679-686. 2011;61:69–90. The main problem is destructive harvesting of the subterranean parts of the medicinal plants, or even the entire plant. These samples, using normal methods, were subjected to physicochemical and qualitative phytochemical study. http://www.medscape.com/MedscapeWire/2000/08...medwire.0816.Nol. Accessed: October 30, 2007. belongs to the Ephedraceae family. Today's Questions Devoting entire chapters to the most influential herbal remedies, the text either endorses or debunks popular conceptions with pure scientific data. 1995;48:1–6. Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB, et al. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2017; 7, e.T201688A9165505. 1:151. were 0.04-0.2%. This method is an effective and easy option of data collection. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive effect and decrease intraocular pressure, gastro-protective, nephro-protective, hepato-protective, cardio-protective antidepressant memory enhancement, anti-inflammatory, reproductive, wound healing and hear induction and many other effects. Evid-Based Compl Alt Med. Kathiresan K, Boopathy NS, Kavitha S. Coastal vegetation–an underexplored source of anticancer drugs. The current review discussed the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Euphorbia hirta. CNS stimulants: May increase stimulatory effects (1)Theophylline: May decrease its effectiveness (18).Digoxin: Concomitant use can cause arrhythmia (1) (11).Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I): Concomitant use can cause hypertensive crisis (4). 2004 Aug 31. It is can be calculated according to the following equation: Where UV is the use value of a species; U the number of citations per species; n the number of informants [30]. Drug Discov Today. It is a species of Ephedra that grows mostly in the desert. 2011;5:6233–42. Bioimpacts. 2006;5:115–9. We would like to thank Dr. Cynthia Anderson for her help in language reviewing, all the herbalists and herbal practitioner healers in the West Bank/ Palestine and all participants in the study. Theoharides TC. These authors contribute equally to this work. Description of Ephedra alata (). Copyright ©